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What is Forming Machinery?                   ◆ JFMA's Technology Guide of Forming Machine.pdf (9.5MB)

What is "forming"? Generally, people are not familiar with the word "forming", which is pronounced "TAN-ATSU" in Japanese. In 1939, when the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of Japan intended to organize respective business fields and made generic name "forming machinery" by taking initial characters of each forging machine, hammer, press machine and press brake (press forming), etc. In general, "forming machinery" means secondary metal processing machines such as metal processing machines and metal forming machines other than machine tools (machines to cut with tools). For your reference, primary metal processing machines produce steel stock and steel plate, while the secondary processing machines form products from steel plate made by the primary machines.
 

Metal processing and forming machinery covers a variety of types of machines. Following are to brief description of respective types of machines.

Press machines can mainly be divided into mechanical press and hydraulic press.

Mechanical Press

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Rotation of electric motor is converted into sliding straight-line motion by the mechanical structure that forms a shape in mold die. A high productivity of this type of press machines consists of more than 90% of total press machines.

C Type Press

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This type of machine is also called as power press or gap press, and has high versatility as well as workability. However, the single integral structure limits its pressing capacity up to 2,500kN.

 

Straight Side Press

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Straight Side Press is so called gantry type or four-column assembled frame type press more than 2,500kN of middle to large capacity presses mostly belongs to this type.

 

Transfer Press

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Mainly straight side frame structured press which incorporates multiple mold dies in it, and performs handling multiple work tasks in a raw with transfer equipment.

   

High Speed Automatic Precision Press

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Mainly straight side frame structured press which is capable of performing high-speed orderly series processing (300 spm - several thousand spm) with high rigidity and precision. These are mostly being used for production of lead frames, connectors and motor cores.

   

Servo Press (Applicable model by the Association Standard TI-103)

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By means of servo-motor driving, setting of slide speed and motions of press can be fine-tuned freely, which improve parts accuracy, form hard-to-process materials, extend longer service life of dies and increase productivity, is rapidly gaining popularity.

   

Powder (metal powder) Forming Press

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Press that form a shape by compressing metal powder.

     

Incremental Forming Machine (Die-less NC Forming Machine)

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In accordance with NC data of metal design, machine that press metal plate by moving tool as tracing contour lines in sequential manner and form a shape of products. This specific process method requires no dies.

     

Screw Press

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Screw press is a type of machines that rotate one or more pairs of male and female screws inside its frame and generate pressing power.

   

Hydraulic Press

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Hydraulic press is playing special role in a field where mechanical press is unable to do so. Most of these are hydraulic operating presses.

     

General Purpose Hydraulic Press (C Type Press and Straight Side Press, etc.)

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This is a type of press that has various kinds such as C type frame, straight side frame structures, as well as top-driving type or under driving type, etc., and has a long history and characteristics of performing deep drawing and bending with its long stroke.

     

Hydraulic Servo Press (Hydraulic pump directly driven by servo-motor)

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This is a hydraulic servo press that is directly driven by servomotor. However, hydraulic press driven by servo valve (proportional electro-magnetic valve) is not part of the servo press of the Association Standards TI-103.

     

Fine Blanking Press

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This is a type of press that performs a triple action with high accuracy for precision blanking and punching. Performing single and complex multi-forming, it covers wide range of productions from automobile parts to parts for IT industry.

     

Die Spotting Press

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Producing, repairing or modifying dies, this is a press that performs alignment (die fitting) of dies safely and quickly.

Hydro-forming Press

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Steel pipes that are pre-formed in forms of bending or swaging and set in dies, and swell out to form in shape by liquid pressure.

     

Powder Forming (metal powder) Press

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Press that form a shape by compressing metal powder.

   

Forming Machine

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Forming machines can be classified one belonging to press machines and the others to exclusive forming machines.

 

Cold Forging Press

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Cold forging of high deformation resistance compared with sheet metal processing, machine that is required to withstand concentrated loads and have high rigidity and high working energy. There are mechanical and hydraulic types.

     

Hot Forging Press

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In order to form hard-to-process materials or complex shapes, the press machine that forms after heating base forging materials up to 800 – 1,200 degrees Celsius. There are mechanical and hydraulic types.

     

Hot Spring Forming Press

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This is the dedicated press to form springs.

     

Header

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The header is a horizontal type forming machine that takes 2 - 5 processes to produce bolts, nuts, etc. from coiled material.

     

(Parts) Former

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Parts former is horizontal type forming machine that take 5 - 7 processes to produce various parts mainly from coiled material.

     

Wire Forming Machine

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The wire forming machine is to perform drawing, stretching, twisting multi-processed wires and bar steels.

     

Wire Drawing Machine / Wire Stranding Machine

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The wire drawing machine / wire stranding machine is a kind of wire forming machine that produces electric wires, wire ropes, special steel wires, tire cords and steel wires, etc.

     

Rolling Machine

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The rolling machine is a machine that forms screws, worm gears, knurling, serrations and splines, etc. with rolling dies.

 

Bending Machine

 

The bending machine is a dedicated machine that performs bending work, other than press brakes.

     

Bending Roll

     

The bending roll is a machine that performs bending rolls of steel plate with 2 or more rolls.

     

Pipe Bender

         

The pipe bender is a machine that bends pipe materials.

   

Sheet Metal Processing Machines

Press Brake

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The press brake is a machine that performs straight line bending of longer or shorter length of steels. C frame structure with hydraulic type is a mainstream, however, servo drive and mechanical types are also available.

 

Panel Bending Machine

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The panel bending machine is a machine that performs automatic bending in box shapes by means of equipped dies, is also called panel former.

 

Shearing Machine

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The shearing machine is a machine that cuts steel plate with a pair of long blades at upper and lower. Its principle is similar to a pair of scissors. Hydraulic type is a mainstream however, mechanical type is also available.

 

Punching Press

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The punching press is a machine that performs cutting and forming by using the several dozens of punch-die equipped in the turret. Servomotor type is increasing in drive parts. To be exact, it is part of press machine. However, classification by the Association is in the sheet metal processing machines.

 

Laser Cutting Machine

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The laser cutting machine is a machine that performs cutting sheet metal by means of converting laser beam into heat energy. The machine is playing a pivotal role in sheet metal processing.

 

Plasma Cutting Machine

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The plasma cutting machine is a machine that performs cutting sheet metal by converting plus arc into high temperature / pressure plasma jet arc generated between the electrode and the work material. Its strength is in cutting thicker sheet metal.

     

Pipe Cutter

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This machine is to perform cutting of pipe materials.

     

Roll Leveler

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This machine is to rectify the bent and / or deformed materials.

   

Automation / Safety Equipment, etc.

Feeder

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The feeder is the automatic feeding equipment that feeds coil materials and sheet metal materials into press machines.

     

Coil Feeder Line

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The coil feeder line is the automatic feeding equipment that feeds coil materials into press machines.

     

Leveler Feeder

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The leveler feeder is the machine that rectifies the bent and / or deformed materials, and feed set amount in conjunction with press machines.

     

Robot Line

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In multiple press machines line, this is the robot transfer system that transfers automatically materials and products in process.

 

Light Beam Type Safety Device

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This is a safety equipment to stop the operation of press machine when light beam is cut out.

     

PSDI (Presence Sensing Device Initiation)

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In manually feeding materials into press machine, press machine may commence its operation upon detecting human hand moving out of designated area.

     

Load Monitor

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This is a monitor to detect overload conditions.

 

Rebuild

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By retrofitting including overhaul, this is to maintain and / or improve the performance of machine.

 

Agent for Power Press Voluntary Inspection

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The Power Press Voluntary Inspection is a mandatory requirement to perform once a year.

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